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Page 480 OpenGL Super Bible! height[TERRAIN_SIZE], (GLfloat)(y - TERRAIN_EDGE + 1)); }; glEnd(); }; glPopMatrix(); /* * While we fly or draw we re double-buffering. Swap buffers * as necessary */ glFinish(); if (Moving || Drawing) SwapBuffers(SceneDC); } /* * ‘SaveBitmapFile() - Save the currently displayed scene to disk. */ void SaveBitmapFile(void) { char title[256], /* Title of file */ filename[256], /* Name of file */ directory[256]; /* Current directory */ OPENFILENAME ofn; /* Filename dialog structure */ void *bits; /* Screen bitmap bits */ BITMAPINFO *info; /* Screen bitmap info */ /* * Grab the screen bitmap */ bits = ReadDIBitmap(&info); if (bits == NULL) { DisplayErrorMessage(’Unable to get OpenGL bitmap from screen! ); return; }; /* * Pop up a filename dialog */ strcpy(directory, ‘. ); strcpy(filename, ‘untitled.bmp ); strcpy(title, ‘’); memset(&ofn, 0, sizeof(ofn)); ofn.lStructSize = sizeof(ofn); ofn.hwndOwner = SceneWindow;
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OpenGL Super Bible! Page 479 if (Moving || Drawing) glColor3f(0.0, 0.5, 0.0); else glCallList(GrassTexture); break; case IDC_ROCKS : if (Moving || Drawing) glColor3f(0.25, 0.25, 0.25); else glCallList(RocksTexture); break; case IDC_TREES : if (Moving || Drawing) glColor3f(0.0, 0.25, 0.0); else glCallList(TreesTexture); break; case IDC_MOUNTAINS : if (Moving || Drawing) glColor3f(0.2, 0.1, 0.05); else glCallList(MountainsTexture); break; }; glBegin(GL_QUAD_STRIP); if (last_type != -1) { /* * Start from the previous location to prevent * holes */ glTexCoord2i(x * 2 - 2, y * 2); glNormal3fv(n[-1]); glVertex3f((GLfloat)(x - TERRAIN_EDGE - 1), height[-1], (GLfloat)(y - TERRAIN_EDGE)); glTexCoord2i(x * 2 - 2, y * 2 + 2); glNormal3fv(n[TERRAIN_SIZE - 1]); glVertex3f((GLfloat)(x - TERRAIN_EDGE - 1), height[TERRAIN_SIZE - 1], (GLfloat)(y - TERRAIN_EDGE + 1)); }; last_type = *type; }; glTexCoord2i(x * 2, y * 2); glNormal3fv(n[0]); glVertex3f((GLfloat)(x - TERRAIN_EDGE), height[0], (GLfloat)(y - TERRAIN_EDGE)); glTexCoord2i(x * 2, y * 2 + 2); glNormal3fv(n[TERRAIN_SIZE]); glVertex3f((GLfloat)(x - TERRAIN_EDGE),
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Page 478 OpenGL Super Bible! glTexCoord2f(4.0, 0.8); glVertex3fv(sky_top[0]); glEnd(); }; /* * Setup lighting */ glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glLightModeli(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_TWO_SIDE, GL_TRUE); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, sunpos); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, suncolor); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, sunambient); if (Moving || Drawing) glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); else glDisable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); /* * Then the terrain */ type = TerrainType[0]; height = TerrainHeight[0]; n = TerrainNormal[0]; for (y = 0; y < (TERRAIN_SIZE - 1); y ++) { last_type = -1; for (x = 0; x < TERRAIN_SIZE; x ++, type ++, height ++, n ++) { if (last_type != *type) { /* * If the type of terrain changes, end any existing * strip of quads and reset color/texture parameters */ if (last_type != -1) glEnd(); switch (*type) { case IDC_WATER : if (Moving || Drawing) glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.5); else glCallList(WaterTexture); break; case IDC_GRASS :
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Page 478 OpenGL Super Bible! glTexCoord2f(4.0, 0.8); glVertex3fv(sky_top[0]); glEnd(); }; /* * Setup lighting */ glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glLightModeli(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_TWO_SIDE, GL_TRUE); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, sunpos); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, suncolor); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, sunambient); if (Moving || Drawing) glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); else glDisable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); /* * Then the terrain */ type = TerrainType[0]; height = TerrainHeight[0]; n = TerrainNormal[0]; for (y = 0; y < (TERRAIN_SIZE - 1); y ++) { last_type = -1; for (x = 0; x < TERRAIN_SIZE; x ++, type ++, height ++, n ++) { if (last_type != *type) { /* * If the type of terrain changes, end any existing * strip of quads and reset color/texture parameters */ if (last_type != -1) glEnd(); switch (*type) { case IDC_WATER : if (Moving || Drawing) glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.5); else glCallList(WaterTexture); break; case IDC_GRASS :
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OpenGL Super Bible! Page 477 /* * Setup viewing transformations for the current position and * orientation */ glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0, (float)rect->right / (float)rect->bottom, 0.1, 1000.0); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glPushMatrix(); glRotatef(Roll, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glRotatef(Pitch, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glRotatef(Heading, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0); glTranslatef(-Position[0], -Position[1], -Position[2]); glScalef(TERRAIN_SCALE, TERRAIN_SCALE, TERRAIN_SCALE); if (!(Moving || Drawing)) { /* * Draw the sky */ glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); glCallList(SkyTexture); glBegin(GL_QUAD_STRIP); for (i = 0; i < 4; i ++) { glTexCoord2f((float)i, 0.0); glVertex3fv(sky_bottom[i]); glTexCoord2f((float)i, 0.8); glVertex3fv(sky_top[i]); }; glTexCoord2f(4.0, 0.0); glVertex3fv(sky_bottom[0]); glTexCoord2f(4.0, 0.8); glVertex3fv(sky_top[0]); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN); glTexCoord2f(0.5, 1.0); glVertex3f(0.0, TERRAIN_SIZE, 0.0); for (i = 0; i < 4; i ++) { glTexCoord2f((float)i, 0.8); glVertex3fv(sky_top[i]); };
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Page 476 OpenGL Super Bible! static GLfloat sky_top[4][3] = { /* Sky coordinates */ { -TERRAIN_EDGE, TERRAIN_SIZE * 0.8, -TERRAIN_EDGE }, { TERRAIN_EDGE, TERRAIN_SIZE * 0.8, -TERRAIN_EDGE }, { TERRAIN_EDGE, TERRAIN_SIZE * 0.8, TERRAIN_EDGE }, { -TERRAIN_EDGE, TERRAIN_SIZE * 0.8, TERRAIN_EDGE } }; static GLfloat sky_bottom[4][3] = { { -TERRAIN_EDGE, 0.0, -TERRAIN_EDGE }, { TERRAIN_EDGE, 0.0, -TERRAIN_EDGE }, { TERRAIN_EDGE, 0.0, TERRAIN_EDGE }, { -TERRAIN_EDGE, 0.0, TERRAIN_EDGE } }; static GLfloat sunpos[4] = { 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 }; static GLfloat suncolor[4] = { 64.0, 64.0, 64.0, 1.0 }; static GLfloat sunambient[4] = { 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 1.0 }; /* * Reset the viewport and clear the window to light blue */ glViewport(0, 0, rect->right, rect->bottom); glClearColor(0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); if (Moving || Drawing) { /* * Don t texture while flying or drawing; it s too slow * Also, draw to the back buffer for smooth animation. */ glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glDrawBuffer(GL_BACK); } else { /* * Enable textures when we ve stopped moving or drawing. * This generates a nice scene that we can printout or * save to a bitmap file * * Because it takes longer, we draw to the front buffer * so the user can see some progress */ glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_DECAL); glDrawBuffer(GL_FRONT); }; glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
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OpenGL Super Bible! Page 475 */ Roll += movex; Pitch += movey * cos(Roll * M_PI / 180.0); Heading += movey * sin(Roll * M_PI / 180.0); if (Heading < 0.0) Heading += 360.0; else if (Heading >= 360.0) Heading -= 360.0; if (Pitch < -180.0) Pitch += 360.0; else if (Pitch >= 180.0) Pitch -= 360.0; if (Roll < -180.0) Roll += 360.0; else if (Roll >= 180.0) Roll -= 360.0; /* * Move based upon the current orientation */ cheading = cos(Heading * M_PI / 180.0); sheading = sin(Heading * M_PI / 180.0); cpitch = cos(Pitch * M_PI / 180.0); spitch = sin(Pitch * M_PI / 180.0); Position[0] += distance * sheading * cpitch; Position[2] -= distance * cheading * cpitch; Position[1] += distance * spitch; /* * Redraw the window using the new position and orientation */ GetClientRect(SceneWindow, &rect); RepaintWindow(&rect); } /* * ‘RepaintWindow() - Redraw the client area with our scene. */ void RepaintWindow(RECT *rect) /* I - Client area rectangle */ { int i; /* Looping var */ int x, y; /* Terrain (x,y) location */ int last_type; /* Previous terrain type */ int *type; /* Current terrain type */ GLfloat *height, /* Current terrain height */ (*n)[3]; /* Current terrain normal */
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Page 474 OpenGL Super Bible! i += buffer[i]; /* * Fill-in the 4 corners of the selected cell */ draw_cell(x, y); draw_cell(x + 1, y); draw_cell(x, y + 1); draw_cell(x + 1, y + 1); /* * Update lighting normals for the terrain. */ UpdateNormals(); }; } /* * ‘FlyTerrain() - Fly using the given mouse position. */ void FlyTerrain(int mousex, /* I - Horizontal mouse position */ int mousey) /* I - Vertical mouse position */ { RECT rect; /* Current client rectangle */ GLfloat movex, movey; /* Scale mouse movement */ double curtime, /* Current time in seconds */ distance; /* Distance to move */ GLfloat cheading, /* Cosine of heading */ sheading, /* Sine of heading */ cpitch, /* Cosine of pitch */ spitch; /* Sine of pitch */ /* * Get the current system time to figure out how far to move. */ curtime = GetClock(); distance = 10.0 * (curtime - MoveTime); MoveTime = curtime; /* * See how far the mouse pointer is from the ‘center (click) * position. */ movex = 0.05 * (mousex - CenterMouseXY.x); movey = 0.05 * (mousey - CenterMouseXY.y); /* * Adjust roll, pitch, and heading according to the current * mouse inputs and orientation.
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OpenGL Super Bible! Page 473 height = TerrainHeight[0]; glPushName(0); for (y = 0; y < (TERRAIN_SIZE - 1); y ++, height ++) { glLoadName(y); glPushName(0); for (x = 0; x < (TERRAIN_SIZE - 1); x ++, height ++) { glLoadName(x); glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glVertex3f((GLfloat)(x - TERRAIN_EDGE), height[0], (GLfloat)(y - TERRAIN_EDGE)); glVertex3f((GLfloat)(x - TERRAIN_EDGE), height[TERRAIN_SIZE], (GLfloat)(y - TERRAIN_EDGE + 1)); glVertex3f((GLfloat)(x - TERRAIN_EDGE + 1), height[1], (GLfloat)(y - TERRAIN_EDGE)); glVertex3f((GLfloat)(x - TERRAIN_EDGE + 1), height[TERRAIN_SIZE + 1], (GLfloat)(y - TERRAIN_EDGE + 1)); glEnd(); }; glPopName(); }; glPopName(); glPopMatrix(); glFinish(); /* * Get the 'hits in the selection buffer */ count = glRenderMode(GL_RENDER); for (i = 0; i < count; i += 3) { if (buffer[i] == 0) continue; /* * Each 'hit will contain the following parameters: * * 0 - count (2) * 1 - Z minimum value * 2 - Z maximum value * 3 - Y location in terrain * 4 - X location in terrain */ x = buffer[i + 4]; y = buffer[i + 3];
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Page 472 OpenGL Super Bible! count, /* Selection count */ x, y; /* Terrain (x,y) location */ GLfloat *height; /* Current height */ GLuint buffer[100]; /* Selection buffer */ GLint viewport[4]; /* OpenGL viewport */ /* * Get the current OpenGL viewport and make the vertical * mouse position start from the bottom of the viewport. */ glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewport); mousey = viewport[3] - 1 - mousey; /* * Begin selection into a 100 ‘hit buffer * * Allow picks within 4 pixels of the current mouse position. */ glSelectBuffer(100, buffer); glRenderMode(GL_SELECT); glInitNames(); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPickMatrix((GLdouble)mousex, (GLdouble)mousey, 4.0, 4.0, viewport); gluPerspective(45.0, (float)viewport[2] / (float)viewport[3], 0.1, 1000.0); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glPushMatrix(); /* * Rotate/translate for the current viewing position and * orientation. */ glRotatef(Roll, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glRotatef(Pitch, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glRotatef(Heading, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0); glTranslatef(-Position[0], -Position[1], -Position[2]); glScalef(TERRAIN_SCALE, TERRAIN_SCALE, TERRAIN_SCALE); /* * Draw the terrain into the selection buffer. This is * done differently than the RepaintWindow() function does * so that we can select individual cells rather than whole * strips of one type. * * The select buffer has names pushed on the stack for both * the X and Y locations in the terrain */
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