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OpenGL Super Bible! Page 471 * Range check the terrain location */ if (x < 0 || x >= TERRAIN_SIZE || y < 0 || y >= TERRAIN_SIZE) return; if (TerrainType[y][x] == TerrainCurrent) return; /* Already the right type */ TerrainType[y][x] = TerrainCurrent; /* * Force a redraw */ InvalidateRect(SceneWindow, NULL, TRUE); /* * Set the height of the terrain ‘cell . For water, the * height is constant at WATER_HEIGHT. For other types, * we add a random pertubation to make the terrain more * interesting/realistic. */ switch (TerrainCurrent) { case IDC_WATER : TerrainHeight[y][x] = WATER_HEIGHT; break; case IDC_GRASS : TerrainHeight[y][x] = GRASS_HEIGHT + 0.1 * (rand() % 5); break; case IDC_TREES : TerrainHeight[y][x] = TREES_HEIGHT + 0.1 * (rand() % 5); break; case IDC_ROCKS : TerrainHeight[y][x] = ROCKS_HEIGHT + 0.1 * (rand() % 5); break; case IDC_MOUNTAINS : TerrainHeight[y][x] = MOUNTAINS_HEIGHT + 0.15 * (rand() % 5); break; }; } /* * ‘DrawTerrain() - Draw a terrain cell at the given mouse * position. */ void DrawTerrain(int mousex, /* I - Horizontal mouse position */ int mousey) /* I - Vertical mouse position */ { int i, /* Looping var */
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Page 470 OpenGL Super Bible! n[0][1] = ny / d; n[0][2] = nz / d; }; /* * Set the top row of normals to be the same as the second -to* last row of normals. */ for (x = 0; x < TERRAIN_SIZE; x ++, n ++) { n[0][0] = n[-TERRAIN_SIZE][0]; n[0][1] = n[-TERRAIN_SIZE][1]; n[0][2] = n[- TERRAIN_SIZE][2]; }; } /* * 'InitializeTerrain() - Initialize the terrain arrays */ void InitializeTerrain(void) { int x, y; /* Terrain (x,y) location */ /* * Fill the terrain array with grass */ TerrainCurrent = IDC_WATER; for (y = 0; y < TERRAIN_SIZE; y ++) for (x = 0; x < TERRAIN_SIZE; x ++) { TerrainType[y][x] = IDC_GRASS; TerrainHeight[y][x] = GRASS_HEIGHT + 0.1 * (rand() % 5); }; /* * Update the lighting normals */ UpdateNormals(); } /* * 'draw_cell() - Draw (fill-in) a single terrain cell */ void draw_cell(int x, /* I - Terrain X location */ int y) /* I - Terrain Y location */ { /*
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OpenGL Super Bible! Page 469 /* * ‘UpdateNormals() - Update the lighting normals for the * terrain */ void UpdateNormals(void) { int x, y; /* Terrain (x,y) location */ GLfloat (*n)[3], /* Current terrain normal */ nx, ny, nz, /* Normal components */ d, /* Normal magnitude */ *height; /* Current terrain heig ht */ /* * Loop through the terrain arrays and regenerate the * lighting normals based on the terrain height. */ n = TerrainNormal[0]; height = TerrainHeight[0]; for (y = 0; y < (TERRAIN_SIZE - 1); y ++, n ++, height ++) { for (x = 0; x < (TERRAIN_SIZE - 1); x ++, n ++, height ++) { /* * Compute the cross product of the vectors above and to * the right (simplified for this special case). */ nx = height[0] - height[1]; ny = -1.0; nz = height[0] - height[TERRAIN_SIZE]; d = -sqrt(nx * nx + ny * ny + nz * nz); n[0][0] = nx / d; /* Normalize the normal vector */ n[0][1] = ny / d; n[0][2] = nz / d; }; /* * Compute the cross product of the vectors above and to * the left (simplified for this special case) for the last * column in the grid. */ nx = height[0] - height[-1]; ny = -1.0; nz = height[0] - height[TERRAIN_SIZE]; d = -sqrt(nx * nx + ny * ny + nz * nz); n[0][0] = nx / d; /* Normalize the normal vector */
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Page 468 OpenGL Super Bible! LoadAllTextures(void) { glNewList(SkyTexture = glGenLists(1), GL_COMPILE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); TextureLoadBitmap(’textures/sky.bmp ); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glEndList(); glNewList(RocksTexture = glGenLists(1), GL_COMPILE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); TextureLoadMipmap(’textures/rock.bmp ); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST_ MIPMAP_LINEAR); glEndList(); glNewList(GrassTexture = glGenLists(1), GL_COMPILE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); TextureLoadMipmap(’textures/grass.bmp ); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST_ MIPMAP_LINEAR); glEndList(); glNewList(WaterTexture = glGenLists(1), GL_COMPILE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); TextureLoadMipmap(’textures/water.bmp ); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEA REST_ MIPMAP_LINEAR); glEndList(); glNewList(TreesTexture = glGenLists(1), GL_COMPILE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); TextureLoadMipmap(’textures/trees.bmp ); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST_ MIPMAP_LINEAR); glEndList(); glNewList(MountainsTexture = glGenLists(1), GL_COMPILE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); TextureLoadMipmap(’textures/mountain.bmp ); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST_ MIPMAP_LINEAR); glEndList(); }
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OpenGL Super Bible! Page 467 }; return (FALSE); } /* * ‘LoadAllBitmaps() - Load bitmap images for the terrain control buttons. */ void LoadAllBitmaps(HINSTANCE hInstance) /* I - Process instance */ { GrassDownBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_GRASS_DOWN)); GrassSelectBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_GRASS_SELECT)); GrassUpBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_GRASS_UP)); WaterDownBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_WATER_DOWN)); WaterSelectBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_WATER_SELECT)); WaterUpBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_WATER_UP)); RocksDownBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_ROCKS_DOWN)); RocksSelectBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_ROCKS_SELECT)); RocksUpBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_ROCKS_UP)); TreesDownBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_TREES_DOWN)); TreesSelectBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_TREES_SELECT)); TreesUpBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_TREES_UP)); MountainsDownBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_MOUNTAINS_DOWN)); MountainsSelectBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_MOUNTAINS_ SELECT)); MountainsUpBitmap = LoadBitmap((HANDLE)hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_MOUNTAINS_UP)); } /* * ‘LoadAllTextures() - Load texture images for the scene. */ void
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Page 466 OpenGL Super Bible! else SelectObject(hdc, RocksUpBitmap); break; case IDC_MOUNTAINS : if (lpdis- >itemState & ODS_SELECTED) SelectObject(hdc, MountainsDownBitmap); else if (TerrainCurrent == IDC_MOUNTAINS) SelectObject(hdc, MountainsSelectBitmap); else SelectObject(hdc, MountainsUpBitmap); break; }; /* * Stretch the bitmap to fit the button area */ StretchBlt(lpdis->hDC, lpdis- >rcItem.left, lpdis->rcItem.top, lpdis->rcItem.right, lpdis->rcItem.bottom, hdc, 0, 0, 24, 24, SRCCOPY); DeleteDC(hdc); break; case WM_CLOSE : /* * Close the window (hide it) and turn the check mark off * in the main menu. */ ShowWindow(TerrainWindow, SW_HIDE); CheckMenuItem(GetMenu(SceneWindow), IDM_WINDOW_TERRAIN, MF_BYCOMMAND | MF_UNCHECKED); break; case WM_COMMAND : /* * A button was selected - choose the new current terrain * type. */ switch (LOWORD(wParam)) { case IDC_GRASS : case IDC_TREES : case IDC_ROCKS : case IDC_WATER : case IDC_MOUNTAINS : TerrainCurrent = LOWORD(wParam); InvalidateRect(TerrainWindow, NULL, TRUE); UpdateWindow(TerrainWindow); return (TRUE); }; break;
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OpenGL Super Bible! Page 465 */ UINT CALLBACK TerrainDlgProc(HWND hWnd, /* I - Source window */ UINT uMsg, /* I - Message type */ WPARAM wParam, /* I - ‘word’ parameter value */ LPARAM lParam) /* I - ‘long’ parameter value */ { HDC LPDRAWITEMSTRUCT UINT hdc; lpdis; idCtl; /* Drawing context for buttons */ /* Button state info */ /* Button ID */ switch (uMsg) { case WM_DRAWITEM /* : * Windows wants us to draw a button. Figure out which * button it is, and display as necessary */ idCtl = (UINT)wParam; lpdis = (LPDRAWITEMSTRUCT)lParam; hdc = CreateCompatibleDC(lpdis->hDC); switch (idCtl) { case IDC_WATER : if (lpdis->itemState & ODS_SELECTED) SelectObject(hdc, WaterDownBitmap); else if (TerrainCurrent == IDC_WATER) SelectObject(hdc, WaterSelectBitmap); else SelectObject(hdc, WaterUpBitmap); break; case IDC_GRASS : if (lpdis->itemState & ODS_SELECTED) SelectObject(hdc, GrassDownBitmap); else if (TerrainCurrent == IDC_GRASS) SelectObject(hdc, GrassSelectBitmap); else SelectObject(hdc, GrassUpBitmap); break; case IDC_TREES : if (lpdis->itemState & ODS_SELECTED) SelectObject(hdc, TreesDownBitmap); else if (TerrainCurrent == IDC_TREES) SelectObject(hdc, TreesSelectBitmap); else SelectObject(hdc, TreesUpBitmap); break; case IDC_ROCKS : if (lpdis->itemState & ODS_SELECTED) SelectObject(hdc, RocksDownBitmap); else if (TerrainCurrent == IDC_ROCKS) SelectObject(hdc, RocksSelectBitmap);
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Page 464 OpenGL Super Bible! SetCapture(SceneWindow); if (IsWindowVisible(TerrainWindow)) { DrawTerrain(LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam)); Drawing = GL_TRUE; } else { GetCursorPos(&CenterMouseXY); Moving = GL_TRUE; MoveTime = GetClock(); }; break; case WM_MOUSEMOVE : /* * The mouse pointer moved. If we are in the process of * drawing some terrain, do it. * * Otherwise, ignore the message because we fly from the * main loop. */ if (Drawing) DrawTerrain(LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam)); break; case WM_LBUTTONUP : /* * The user released the left mouse button. Stop drawing * or flying */ Moving = GL_FALSE; Drawing = GL_FALSE; ReleaseCapture(); InvalidateRect(SceneWindow, NULL, TRUE); break; default : /* * Pass all other messages through the default window * procedure */ return (DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam)); }; return (FALSE); } /* * ‘TerrainDlgProc()’ - Process messages in the terrain dialog window.
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OpenGL Super Bible! Page 463 * Release and free the device context, rendering * context, and color palette */ if (SceneRC) wglDeleteContext(SceneRC); if (SceneDC) ReleaseDC(SceneWindow, SceneDC); if (ScenePalette) DeleteObject(ScenePalette); PostQuitMessage(0); break; case WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE : /* * Realize the color palette if necessary */ if (ScenePalette) { SelectPalette(SceneDC, ScenePalette, FALSE); RealizePalette(SceneDC); InvalidateRect(hWnd, NULL, FALSE); return (TRUE); }; break; case WM_PALETTECHANGED: /* * Reselect our color palette if necessary */ if (ScenePalette && (HWND)wParam != hWnd) { SelectPalette(SceneDC, ScenePalette, FALSE); RealizePalette(SceneDC); UpdateColors(SceneDC); }; break; case WM_LBUTTONDOWN : /* * The left mouse button just was pressed. If we have * the terrain dialog window open, then this signifies * the beginning of drawing. * * Otherwise, set the ‘Moving flag to true to indicate * flying. */
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Page 462 OpenGL Super Bible! DestroyWindow(SceneWindow); break; case IDM_WINDOW_TERRAIN : /* * Toggle the terrain dialog window on and off */ if (GetMenuState(GetMenu(SceneWindow), IDM_WINDOW_TERRAIN, MF_BYCOMMAND) & MF_CHECKED) { CheckMenuItem(GetMenu(SceneWindow), IDM_WINDOW_TERRAIN, MF_BYCOMMAND | MF_UNCHECKED); ShowWindow(TerrainWindow, SW_HIDE); } else { CheckMenuItem(GetMenu(SceneWindow), IDM_WINDOW_TERRAIN, MF_BYCOMMAND | MF_CHECKED); ShowWindow(TerrainWindow, SW_SHOW); }; break; }; break; case WM_QUIT : case WM_CLOSE : /* * Destroy the windows and bitmaps and exit */ DestroyWindow(SceneWindow); DestroyWindow(TerrainWindow); DeleteObject(GrassDownBitmap); DeleteObject(GrassSelectBitmap); DeleteObject(GrassUpBitmap); DeleteObject(WaterDownBitmap); DeleteObject(WaterSelectBitmap); DeleteObject(WaterUpBitmap); DeleteObject(RocksDownBitmap); DeleteObject(RocksSelectBitmap); DeleteObject(RocksUpBitmap); DeleteObject(TreesDownBitmap); DeleteObject(TreesSelectBitmap); DeleteObject(TreesUpBitmap); DeleteObject(MountainsDownBitmap); DeleteObject(MountainsSelectBitmap); DeleteObject(MountainsUpBitmap); exit(0); break; case WM_DESTROY : /*
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